"To take a coordinated approach to the rule of law at home and in matters involving foreign parties” is one of the core content of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law. "In the face of major changes in the world unseen in a century, it is necessary to coordinate and promote the development of domestic rule of law and the construction of foreign-related rule of law, actively participate in the reform and construction of the global governance system, and strengthen the construction of foreign-related rule of law system." In February 2023, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the “Opinions on Strengthening Legal Education and Legal Theory Research in the New Era”, which clearly pointed out that “improve the professional setting of foreign-related law-related disciplines, and accelerate the cultivation of foreign-related legal talents with an international perspective and proficient in international law and national law.”

"The law is the starting point of governance", "Those who govern the world must rely on the talents". As an important intersection of the domestic market and the international market, the Hainan Free Trade Port requires external legal talents who can use foreign-related law to communicate with foreign markets, and internally needs talents who understand domestic law and foreign law to build the “first-line” and “second-line” legal framework. The construction of foreign-related legal talents is an important measure to implement Xi, Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, a need for the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port, and a major innovation in the construction of foreign-related legal disciplines.

I. Correctly understand the profound and complex implications of foreign-related rule of law

Domestic rule of law is the foundation of the rule of law in foreign affairs. "Comprehensively promoting the rule of law at home and abroad" depends on the establishment of national sovereignty. Although the definition of State sovereignty is common in international legal documents, but its essence is the exercise of jurisdiction by the State over all persons and things within its territory, which is based on domestic law. For example, Article 1 of the 1933 Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States defines the constituent elements of a sovereign state, with a permanent population, a fixed territory, an effective government, and the ability to interact with other countries as the elements that constitute a sovereign state. Article 1 of the 1946 United Nations Draft Declaration on the Rights and Duties of States proposed that "Every State has the right to independence and hence to exercise freely, without dictation by any other State, all its legal powers, including the choice of its own form of government.” Domestic rule of law includes both a country's activities to handle domestic affairs and external affairs. Therefore, national sovereignty is the foundation for handling domestic and foreign-related rule of law, and in the process of advancing foreign-related rule of law. It is necessary to adhere to the domestic rule of law as the mainstay.

Foreign-related rule of law is an extension of domestic rule of law. As mentioned above, the domestic rule of law is a prerequisite for the rule of law involving foreign affairs, and it is the sovereign government that engages in the rule of law activities with foreign-related elements in accordance with the domestic law. On the other hand, the rule of law involving foreign affairs is fundamentally different from the rule of law at home, and the content should be categorized as foreign national law or international law based on whether it applies to foreign domestic law or international conventions and treaties. For example, the Foreign State Immunity Law, which is being promoted by China's legislation, although the subject involved is a foreign sovereign government, its applicable laws, adjudication bodies, and litigation procedures are all governed by China's domestic law.

Domestic rule of law and foreign-related rule of law are not opposing concepts, but two independent concepts, and at the same time, these two contents cannot be simply viewed separately, and they complement each other and are organically unified.

II. The current situation and problems in the cultivation of foreign-related legal talents in colleges and universities in the Hainan Free Trade Port

In the context of the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port, in the process of gradually promoting the construction of "foreign-related legal talents" in colleges and universities across the country, major universities and research institutions in Hainan Province have begun to explore the mode of cultivating foreign-related legal talents from different aspects. Taking Hainan University as an example, Hainan University has set up a special class for foreign-related legal talents in the training of undergraduates, and has set up special English and bilingual law courses, and the project of "International Cooperation and Training of Foreign-related Legal Talents in Hainan Free Trade Port" jointly declared by Hainan University and University College Cork in Ireland has been funded by the China Scholarship Council, and Hainan University is actively applying for an undergraduate major in international law. In 2019, Hainan Province promulgated and implemented the Regulations on Lawyers in the Hainan Special Economic Zone, encouraging Hainan law firms to set up branches abroad, and at the same time, attracting overseas law firms to set up offices in Hainan. Hainan Province has successively set up two Foreign-related Civil and Commercial Courts, and the Hainan International Arbitration Court has carried out a number of foreign-related business activities. Hainan Provincial Law Society, Hainan Normal University, Hainan Vocational College of Political Science and Law and other research institutions have carried out a variety of discussions on the cultivation of foreign-related legal talents.

However, there is a lack of overall planning for the cultivation of foreign-related legal talents in Hainan, the teaching ability of foreign-related legal teachers in Hainan Province needs to be improved, and the evaluation system for the cultivation of foreign-related legal talents needs to be improved.

(1) Hainan Province lacks an overall plan for the cultivation of foreign-related legal talents

In 2021, the Hainan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China announced the “Plan for the Construction of the Rule of Law in Hainan (2021-2025)”, which stipulates the content of four aspects: foreign-related legal services, foreign-related judicial work, protection of foreign-related legal talents, and foreign-related legal exchanges and cooperation, but does not involve the training of foreign-related legal talents. The cultivation of foreign-related rule of law talents is a major topic involving education, justice, and diplomacy, and it is necessary for the Hainan Provincial Party Committee to take the lead in planning, integrating the content of the cultivation of foreign-related rule of law talents into the plan for the construction of rule of law in Hainan, and in terms of education, it is necessary to "take the initiative to advance the layout and effectively respond to the layout", and take the cultivation of foreign-related rule of law talents as the guide to the overall planning of the construction of rule of law in Hainan.

(2) The teaching capacity of teachers for the cultivation of foreign-related rule of law talents needs to be improved

"To strengthen the teaching, we must first strengthen the teacher". Among the major universities and talent training institutions in Hainan Province, there are not many institutions that can comprehensively carry out all-foreign or bilingual teaching of relevant international law courses in accordance with the instructive training program for postgraduate students with a master's degree in law (foreign-related lawyers) announced by the Ministry of Education, and are familiar with international litigation and arbitration business, and are proficient in using foreign languages to handle foreign-related legal practice and write legal documents.

Not only does Hainan Province fail to meet such requirements, but in the list of the first batch of universities announced by the Ministry of Education, although the proportion of teachers in law schools such as Peking University, Tsinghua University, and University of International Business and Economics with overseas study and work experience is relatively high, the number of teachers with overseas legal qualifications is only in the single digits. The reason why the contrast is so great is that most teachers only have visiting experience abroad and have a short study time, and at the same time, due to overseas visa restrictions for internships and work, few scholars can really engage in legal practice during their study abroad and visiting studies, so the teaching ability of teachers for foreign-related legal talents is another problem that needs to be faced.

3. Analysis of the "1+N" training model for foreign-related legal talents in colleges and universities in Hainan Free Trade Port

The cultivation of foreign-related legal talents in colleges and universities in Hainan Free Trade Port must adhere to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhere to Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, respect the law of talent training, strengthen top-level design, and explore the "1+N" training model, including one guidance, one plan, two paths and three guarantees, for foreign-related legal talents in Hainan in accordance with the requirements of system engineering and in combination with the overall requirements of the "Hainan Construction Plan for the Rule of Law (2021-2025)".

(1) Adhere to the "one guidance" of the foreign-related rule of law talent system structure

“Persist in the overall promotion of domestic rule of law and foreign-related rule of law, accelerate the strategic layout of foreign-related rule of law work, and coordinate the promotion of domestic and international governance” is one of the important connotations of Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law. The core essence of which is to profoundly answer how to strengthen foreign-related rule of law work from the perspective of the integration of history and reality, international and domestic relevance, and the combination of theory and practice. In the future, the volume of foreign exchanges in the Hainan Free Trade Port will increase, and it will inevitably face more foreign-related cases after the closure. Objectively, it is necessary to have a group of foreign-related legal talents who understand international rules, can skillfully use domestic and foreign laws to defend reasonably, advantageously and sparingly, and take the maintenance of national sovereignty and security as their core interests to escort the development of Hainan Free Trade Port.

(2) Determine the "one plan" for the cultivation of foreign-related legal talents in colleges and universities in the Hainan Free Trade Port

"One plan", that is, the formation of a foreign-related legal education plan for colleges and universities in the Hainan Free Trade Port. Specifically, the Hainan Provincial Party Committee should take the lead, and in combination with the overall requirements of the “Plan for the Construction of the Rule of Law in Hainan (2021-2025)”, the Hainan Provincial Department of Education, the Hainan Provincial High People's Court, the Hainan Provincial Foreign Affairs Commission and other relevant departments should jointly formulate the "Hainan Provincial Higher Education Foreign-related Legal Talent Training Plan and Long-term Goals". Focusing on the strategic layout of Hainan Province's 14th Five-Year Plan and the Hainan Rule of Law Construction Plan, carry out top-level design of the guiding ideology, goals, tasks, methods and paths, and safeguard measures for the cultivation of foreign-related legal talents in the Hainan Free Trade Port in the next five to fifteenth years, clarify key universities, key disciplines, key teams, key projects, etc., and fill the shortcomings in the cultivation of foreign-related legal talents in a relatively short period of time. It has formed a training plan and training model for foreign-related talents with Hainan characteristics, which combines teaching and research centered on universities, integrates law, diplomacy and culture, takes root in Hainan and serves the world and the world.

(3) Implement the "Two Paths" for the Cultivation of Foreign-related Rule of Law Talents

On the one hand, the training of foreign-related legal talents in the Hainan Free Trade Port should implement a cross-legal path, that is, to systematically study the relevant content of common law, civil law and international law. In order to achieve the "three musts" across legal systems, first, it must be clear that the legal systems of most countries in the world today either inherit the traditions of the common law system or are greatly influenced by the civil law system, and cannot be integrated into the global governance system without comprehensive and in-depth cross-legal research; Second, it is necessary to deeply study, research and understand the foreign legal system and the theoretical system behind it, and master its methods of legal reasoning, legal argumentation and legal interpretation; Third, it is necessary to be proficient in international law and the legal systems in the national laws of major countries, and strengthen exchanges and practices between international tribunals, foreign universities, government foreign-related legal practice departments, and foreign-related institutions.

On the other hand, we will implement multilingual pathways, such as English, Japanese, etc. The basic requirement in the "Guided Training Program for Postgraduate Students with Master of Laws (Foreign-related Lawyers)" announced by the Ministry of Education is to "be proficient in one or two foreign languages", and the training mode of "law + foreign language + N" is clarified, so on the one hand, attention should be paid to the cultivation of students' foreign language skills in the construction of foreign-related law disciplines. At the same time, we should make it clear that multilingualism is not a simple foreign language, but a legal foreign language with a legal professional nature.

In addition, it is also necessary to implement the compound practice path for foreign-related rule of law talents, and on the basis of fully tapping the educational resources in Hainan Province, foreign law schools, government foreign-related rule of law practice departments, and foreign-related legal institutions should be regarded as the necessary path for the practice of foreign-related rule of law talents. Integrate the island's advantageous resources, and jointly cultivate foreign-related legal talents with universities and legal practice departments involved in law and foreign languages. Maintain the existing inter-school exchanges and communication between provincial and foreign law schools, and increase the exchange of teachers and students with domestic and foreign universities through online and offline communication. Through the combined fields of education, justice and diplomacy, we will cultivate foreign-related legal talents, break down the institutional barriers between law schools and society, and allow students to participate more in the practical practice of foreign-related law.

(4) Achieve the "Three Guarantees" for Foreign-related Legal Talent Work

First, teacher security. Adopt the methods of "inviting in" and "going out", and attract from abroad, in a timely manner, a group of international talents who understand the rule of law and can skillfully apply foreign-related rules, such as internationally renowned judges, lawyers, professors and scholars, especially those of Chinese descent with patriotic feelings, who may be specially hired as international law consultants. At the same time, we will select outstanding teachers with both ability and political integrity to visit foreign universities and international institutions for study, temporary posts, and exchanges, and improve the treatment of existing foreign-related legal talents through teacher training and joint training of overseas law schools. Taking into account the external environment such as housing prices and exchange rates, there is still a certain gap between the salary of law teachers in colleges and universities in Hainan Province and the international level, which can be made up for through housing, medical care, children's enrollment and other supporting treatment guarantees.

Second, job security. Adopt the "four batches" approach to the employment of foreign-related legal personnel to ensure that people make the best use of their talents. The government assigns a group of people to undertake national missions, as permanent staff in foreign affairs, foreign trade, journalism, etc., to undertake special positions and special missions. A group of people will be placed in the market and enter law firms and international institutions of overseas or foreign-related enterprises through market competition, serving as new forces in the national political and legal team and playing their due roles. Colleges and universities retain a group of teachers, enrich the faculty of colleges and universities, and form a multi-functional teaching team. A number of key projects have been enriched, focusing on important strategic projects such as the construction of Jiangdong New Area, the integrated construction of Danzhou Yangpu, and the Li'an International Education Innovation Pilot Zone, so as to provide positions and stages for foreign-related legal talents to fully display their talents.

Third, financial guarantees. The cultivation of foreign-related legal talents requires sufficient financial support. First, a special fiscal budget should be established to ensure that the planning for the cultivation of foreign-related legal talents, the construction of bases, the funds for studying abroad and internships, and scientific research projects are included in the government's education special funds and fiscal budget. On the other hand, a fund for cultivating talents in foreign-related rule of law should be established, and key financial support should be provided to universities that undertake foreign-related rule of law talents. Thirdly, establish a social science project fund for the cultivation of foreign-related legal talents to encourage and support teachers and students engaged in the cultivation of foreign-related legal talents to conduct systematic and theoretical research on such talents.

By JI,Shaoyu

海南自由貿(mào)易港高校涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)的現(xiàn)狀與思考

“堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)法治和涉外法治” 是習(xí)近平法治思想的核心要義之一，“面對(duì)世界百年未有之大變局，必須統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)法治發(fā)展和涉外法治建設(shè)，積極參與全球治理體系改革和建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)涉外法治體系建設(shè)”。2023年2月中共中央辦公廳、國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳印發(fā)《關(guān)于加強(qiáng)新時(shí)代法學(xué)教育和法學(xué)理論研究的意見(jiàn)》，其中明確指出“完善涉外法學(xué)相關(guān)學(xué)科專業(yè)設(shè)置，加快培養(yǎng)具有國(guó)際視野，精通國(guó)際法、國(guó)別法的涉外法治緊缺人才?！?/p>

“法者，治之端也”，“治天下者，必賴于群才”。涉外法治人才是中央明確的新時(shí)代新任務(wù)，涉外法治人才是融通國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)和國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的橋梁，海南自貿(mào)港作為國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)和國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的重要交匯點(diǎn)，外在需要能夠運(yùn)用涉外法的人才溝通國(guó)外市場(chǎng)，內(nèi)在需要懂得國(guó)內(nèi)法和國(guó)外法的人才構(gòu)建“一線”“二線”法治框架。涉外法治人才建設(shè)是落實(shí)習(xí)近平法治思想的重要舉措，是海南自由貿(mào)易港建設(shè)的需要，是涉外法學(xué)科建設(shè)的重大創(chuàng)新。

一、正確理解涉外法治的深刻復(fù)合意涵

國(guó)內(nèi)法治是涉外法治的基礎(chǔ)?！敖y(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)法治和涉外法治”有賴于國(guó)家主權(quán)的確立。雖然國(guó)家主權(quán)的定義常見(jiàn)于國(guó)際規(guī)范文件，但是其本質(zhì)是國(guó)家對(duì)其境內(nèi)一切人與物行使的管轄權(quán)，是建立在國(guó)內(nèi)法的基礎(chǔ)之上。例如1933年《蒙特維多國(guó)家權(quán)利義務(wù)公約》第一條即對(duì)主權(quán)國(guó)家的構(gòu)成要件進(jìn)行了定義，永久的人口、固定的領(lǐng)土、有效的政府、與他國(guó)交往的能力是構(gòu)成主權(quán)國(guó)家的要素。1946年聯(lián)合國(guó)《國(guó)家權(quán)利義務(wù)宣言草案》中提出了“各國(guó)有獨(dú)立權(quán)，因而有權(quán)自由行使一切合法權(quán)利，包括其政體之選擇，不接受其他任何國(guó)家之命令”。國(guó)內(nèi)法治既包括一國(guó)處理對(duì)內(nèi)事務(wù)的活動(dòng)，也包括對(duì)外事務(wù)。所以，國(guó)家主權(quán)是處理國(guó)內(nèi)法治與涉外法治的根基，在推進(jìn)涉外法治進(jìn)程中要堅(jiān)持以國(guó)內(nèi)法治為主。

涉外法治是國(guó)內(nèi)法治的延伸。正如上文所言，國(guó)內(nèi)法治是涉外法治的先決條件，是主權(quán)政府依據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)法律的規(guī)定從事處理具有涉外因素的法治活動(dòng)。另一方面，涉外法治與國(guó)內(nèi)法治又有本質(zhì)的不同，應(yīng)根據(jù)其適用的是外國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)法或者國(guó)際公約、條約的內(nèi)容分為國(guó)別法和國(guó)際法。例如我國(guó)立法正在推進(jìn)的《外國(guó)國(guó)家豁免法》，雖然涉及的主體是外國(guó)主權(quán)政府，但是其適用的法律、審理機(jī)構(gòu)、訴訟程序均適用我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)法.

國(guó)內(nèi)法治與涉外法治并非對(duì)立的概念，而是兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的概念，同時(shí)，這兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容不能簡(jiǎn)單地割裂看待，二者相輔相成有機(jī)統(tǒng)一。

二、海南自由貿(mào)易港高校涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)的現(xiàn)狀和問(wèn)題

在海南自由貿(mào)易港建設(shè)的大背景下，在全國(guó)高校逐步推進(jìn)“涉外法治人才”建設(shè)的進(jìn)程中，海南省主要高校和研究機(jī)構(gòu)從不同的側(cè)面開(kāi)始探索涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)的模式。以海南大學(xué)為例，海南大學(xué)在本科生培養(yǎng)中專門(mén)設(shè)立了涉外法治人才班，開(kāi)設(shè)專門(mén)的英語(yǔ)、雙語(yǔ)講授法律課程，海南大學(xué)與愛(ài)爾蘭科克大學(xué)合作申報(bào)的“海南自由貿(mào)易港涉外法治人才國(guó)際合作培養(yǎng)”項(xiàng)目獲得國(guó)家留學(xué)基金委的資助，海南大學(xué)正在積極申報(bào)國(guó)際法本科專業(yè)。2019年海南省公布實(shí)施了《海南經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)律師條例》，鼓勵(lì)海南律師事務(wù)所在境外設(shè)立分所，同時(shí)，吸引海外律所在海南設(shè)立辦事處。海南省先后設(shè)立了海南第一涉外民商事法庭和海南第二涉外民商事法庭，海南國(guó)際仲裁院開(kāi)展了多項(xiàng)涉外業(yè)務(wù)交流活動(dòng)。海南省法學(xué)會(huì)、海南師范大學(xué)、海南政法職業(yè)學(xué)院等研究機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)展了多樣的涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)的研討。

但是，海南涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)缺乏總體規(guī)劃，海南省涉外法治師資教學(xué)能力有待提高，涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)的評(píng)價(jià)體系有待提高。

（一）海南涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)缺乏總體規(guī)劃

2021年中共海南省委公布了《法治海南建設(shè)規(guī)劃（2021-2025年）》，其中對(duì)涉外法律服務(wù)、涉外司法工作、涉外法治人才保障、涉外法治交流合作四個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了規(guī)定，但并沒(méi)有涉及涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)的環(huán)節(jié)。涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)是涉及教育、司法、外交的重大課題，需要海南省委牽頭規(guī)劃，將涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)的內(nèi)容融入法治海南建設(shè)規(guī)劃當(dāng)中，在教育上要“主動(dòng)超前布局、有力應(yīng)對(duì)布局”，以涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)為引領(lǐng)整體規(guī)劃法治海南建設(shè)。

（二）涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)的師資教學(xué)能力有待提高

“強(qiáng)教必先強(qiáng)師”。海南省內(nèi)主要高校、人才培養(yǎng)機(jī)構(gòu)中能夠按照教育部公布的法律碩士專業(yè)學(xué)位（涉外律師）研究生指導(dǎo)性培養(yǎng)方案，全面開(kāi)展相關(guān)國(guó)際法課程全外語(yǔ)或者雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)，熟悉國(guó)際訴訟、仲裁業(yè)務(wù)，熟練運(yùn)用外語(yǔ)處理涉外法律實(shí)務(wù)、撰寫(xiě)法律文書(shū)的機(jī)構(gòu)還不多。

不僅海南省達(dá)不到這樣的要求，在教育部公布的首批招生安排高校名單中，北京大學(xué)、清華大學(xué)、對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)等法學(xué)院具有境外學(xué)習(xí)、工作經(jīng)歷的教師比例雖然較高，但是擁有境外法律從業(yè)資格的人員只有個(gè)位數(shù)。其原因在于大部分教師僅是在國(guó)外有訪學(xué)經(jīng)歷，學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間較短，同時(shí)受境外對(duì)于實(shí)習(xí)和工作的簽證限制，很少有學(xué)者能夠真正在留學(xué)、訪學(xué)期間從事法律實(shí)務(wù)工作，所以涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)的師資教學(xué)能力是另一個(gè)需要面對(duì)的問(wèn)題。

三、海南自貿(mào)港高校涉外法治人才“1+N”培養(yǎng)模式探析

海南自貿(mào)港高校涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)必須堅(jiān)持中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路，堅(jiān)持習(xí)近平法治思想，尊重人才培養(yǎng)規(guī)律，加強(qiáng)頂層設(shè)計(jì)，按照系統(tǒng)工程的要求，結(jié)合《法治海南建設(shè)規(guī)劃（2021-2025年）》的總體要求探索海南涉外法治人才“1+N”(“1”即是一個(gè)思想引領(lǐng)，“N”包含一個(gè)規(guī)劃、兩條路徑、三項(xiàng)保障) 培養(yǎng)模式。

（一）堅(jiān)持涉外法治人才體系構(gòu)架的“一個(gè)引領(lǐng)”

“堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)法治和涉外法治，要加快涉外法治工作戰(zhàn)略布局，協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)治理和國(guó)際治理”，是習(xí)近平法治思想重要內(nèi)涵之一。其核心要義是從歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)相貫通、國(guó)際和國(guó)內(nèi)相關(guān)聯(lián)、理論和實(shí)際相結(jié)合上深刻回答怎樣加強(qiáng)涉外法治工作。未來(lái)，海南自貿(mào)港對(duì)外交往量會(huì)越來(lái)越大，封關(guān)后必然也會(huì)面對(duì)更多的涉外案件?？陀^上需要一批懂得國(guó)際規(guī)則，能夠嫻熟運(yùn)用國(guó)內(nèi)外法律有理有利有節(jié)斗爭(zhēng)地進(jìn)行抗辯，將維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全作為核心利益的涉外法治人才團(tuán)隊(duì)為海南自由貿(mào)易港的發(fā)展保駕護(hù)航。

（二）確定海南自由貿(mào)易港高校涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)的“一個(gè)規(guī)劃”

“一個(gè)規(guī)劃”，即形成一個(gè)海南自由貿(mào)易港高校涉外法治教育規(guī)劃，具體而言，應(yīng)由海南省委牽頭，結(jié)合《法治海南建設(shè)規(guī)劃（2021-2025年）》的總體要求，由海南省教育廳、海南省高級(jí)人民法院、海南省外事委員會(huì)等相關(guān)部門(mén)聯(lián)合制定《海南省高等教育涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)規(guī)劃和遠(yuǎn)景目標(biāo)》。圍繞海南省十四五規(guī)劃和法治海南建設(shè)規(guī)劃等戰(zhàn)略布局，對(duì)未來(lái)5-15年海南自貿(mào)港涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)的指導(dǎo)思想、目標(biāo)任務(wù)、方法路徑、保障措施等進(jìn)行頂層設(shè)計(jì)，明確重點(diǎn)院校、重點(diǎn)學(xué)科、重點(diǎn)團(tuán)隊(duì)、重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目等，用較短的時(shí)間填補(bǔ)涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)短板，形成以高校為中心的教學(xué)研相結(jié)合、法律外交文化相融合、扎根海南面向世界服務(wù)全球的海南特色涉外人才培養(yǎng)規(guī)劃和培養(yǎng)模式。

（三）落實(shí)涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)的“兩條路徑”

一方面，海南自由貿(mào)易港涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)應(yīng)落實(shí)跨法系路徑,即系統(tǒng)研學(xué)英美法系、大陸法系和國(guó)際法相關(guān)內(nèi)容?？绶ㄏ狄龅健叭齻€(gè)必須”，一是必須清楚當(dāng)今世界多數(shù)國(guó)家的法律制度不是傳承英美法系的傳統(tǒng)，就是受到大陸法系的重大影響，沒(méi)有全面深入的跨法系的研究將無(wú)法融入全球治理體系；二是必須深入學(xué)習(xí)、研究和了解外國(guó)法律制度及其背后的理論體系，掌握其法律推理、法律論證、法律解釋等方法；三是必須熟練掌握國(guó)際法和主要國(guó)家國(guó)別法中的法律制度，加強(qiáng)國(guó)際法庭、國(guó)外高校、政府涉外法治實(shí)務(wù)部門(mén)以及涉外機(jī)構(gòu)的交流與實(shí)踐。

另一方面，落實(shí)多語(yǔ)言路徑，如英語(yǔ)、日語(yǔ)等。教育部公布的《法律碩士專業(yè)學(xué)位（涉外律師）研究生指導(dǎo)性培養(yǎng)方案》中的基本要求是“熟練掌握一至兩門(mén)外語(yǔ)”，并明確了“法律+外語(yǔ)+N”的培養(yǎng)模式，所以在涉外法學(xué)科建設(shè)中一方面應(yīng)注重對(duì)學(xué)生外語(yǔ)技能的培養(yǎng)。同時(shí)，我們應(yīng)明確多語(yǔ)言并不是簡(jiǎn)單的外語(yǔ)，應(yīng)當(dāng)是法律外語(yǔ)，是具有法律專業(yè)性質(zhì)的。

此外，還要落實(shí)涉外法治人才復(fù)合實(shí)踐路徑，在充分挖掘海南省內(nèi)教育資源的基礎(chǔ)上將國(guó)外法學(xué)院校、政府涉外法治實(shí)務(wù)部門(mén)、涉外法律機(jī)構(gòu)等作為涉外法治人才實(shí)踐必經(jīng)的路徑。整合島內(nèi)優(yōu)勢(shì)資源，聯(lián)合涉及法律、外語(yǔ)的高校、法律實(shí)務(wù)部門(mén)共同培養(yǎng)涉外法治人才。保持現(xiàn)有的省內(nèi)與外國(guó)法學(xué)院的校際間交流和溝通，通過(guò)線上線下的交流方式，加大和國(guó)內(nèi)高校與國(guó)外高校教師、學(xué)生互換制度交流力度。通過(guò)教育、司法、外交復(fù)合領(lǐng)域培養(yǎng)涉外法治人才，打破法學(xué)院和社會(huì)之間的體制壁壘，讓學(xué)生更多參與涉外法務(wù)實(shí)習(xí)實(shí)踐。

（四）做到涉外法治人才工作的“三項(xiàng)保障”

第一，師資保障。采取“請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)”與“走出去”的辦法，適時(shí)從境外吸引一批懂得涉外法治、能夠嫻熟運(yùn)用涉外規(guī)則的國(guó)際人才,如國(guó)際知名法官、律師、教授學(xué)者等，特別是有愛(ài)國(guó)情懷的華裔等，可特聘為國(guó)際法顧問(wèn)。同時(shí)，選派德才兼?zhèn)涞膬?yōu)秀老師到國(guó)外高校、國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)訪學(xué)、掛職、交流，通過(guò)師資進(jìn)修、境外法學(xué)院聯(lián)合培訓(xùn)的方式，提高現(xiàn)有涉外法治人才的師資待遇。綜合考量房?jī)r(jià)物價(jià)、匯率兌換等外部環(huán)境，海南省內(nèi)高等院校法學(xué)師資的薪酬與國(guó)際水平還有一定差距，可以通過(guò)住房、醫(yī)療、子女入學(xué)等配套待遇保障進(jìn)行彌補(bǔ)，財(cái)政、教育部門(mén)和高校主體應(yīng)側(cè)重待遇落實(shí)，將涉外法治的師資待遇落實(shí)到位。

第二，就業(yè)保障。對(duì)涉外法治人才的就業(yè)采取“四個(gè)一批”的辦法，確保人盡其才、才盡其用。政府外派一批，擔(dān)負(fù)國(guó)家使命，作為外交、外貿(mào)、新聞等常駐外工作人員，承擔(dān)特殊崗位特殊使命；市場(chǎng)安置一批，通過(guò)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)聘方式進(jìn)入駐外或涉外企業(yè)、律所、國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)等，作為國(guó)家政法隊(duì)伍的新生力量，發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的作用；高校留用一批，充實(shí)高校師資力量，形成一專多能的師資隊(duì)伍；重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目充實(shí)一批，聚焦江東新區(qū)建設(shè)，儋州洋浦一體化建設(shè)，黎安國(guó)際教育創(chuàng)新試驗(yàn)區(qū)等重要戰(zhàn)略項(xiàng)目，為涉外法治人才提供充分施展才華的崗位和舞臺(tái)。

第三，經(jīng)費(fèi)保障。涉外法治人才的培養(yǎng)需要充足的財(cái)政經(jīng)費(fèi)作保障。一是建立專項(xiàng)財(cái)政預(yù)算，確保涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)的規(guī)劃制定、基地建設(shè)、留學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)經(jīng)費(fèi)和科研項(xiàng)目等列入政府教育專項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)和財(cái)政預(yù)算；另一方面，設(shè)立涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)基金，對(duì)承擔(dān)涉外法治人才的高校予以重點(diǎn)的資金支持；第三，設(shè)立涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)社科項(xiàng)目基金，鼓勵(lì)和支持從事涉外法治人才培養(yǎng)的師生對(duì)涉外法治人才進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化、理論化的研究。

作者：紀(jì)韶昱，海南大學(xué)法學(xué)院